Bird-bodied, girl-faced things they (Harpies) are; abominable their droppings, their hands are talons, their faces haggard with hunger insatiable.
它们有鸟的身体、少女的脸,流着粪污,手是利爪,在不知餍足的饥饿中显出枯槁的面容。
Virgil, Aeneid, 3.209ff.(维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》)
鹰身女妖也是将狂风人格化为女性的传统案例。她们也被称为“伟大宙斯的猎犬”(the hounds of mighty Zeus)或“雷霆之主的仆从”(ministers of the Thunderer (Zeus))。
而后世许多作家则将其列为冥界的守卫者,与其他怪物比如如半人马、戈耳工等同列。
▎荷马史诗
公元前8世纪 荷马《伊利亚特》
At his bidding then Automedon led beneath the yoke the fleet horses, Xanthus and Balius, that flew swift as the winds, horses that the Harpy Podarge conceived to the West Wind, as she grazed on the meadow beside the stream of Oceanus. And in the side-traces he set the goodly Pedasus that on a time Achilles had brought away, when he took the city of Eetion; and he, being but mortal, kept pace with immortal steeds.
Homer. The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
于是,听从他吩咐,奥托墨冬(Automedon)将那对快如疾风的骏马克珊托斯/克桑托斯(Xanthus)与巴利奥斯/巴利俄斯(Balius)套上轭具——它们正是哈耳庇厄波达尔革(Harpy Podarge)在西风神怀中孕育的神驹,那时她正在俄刻阿诺斯溪流(大洋河(Oceanus))旁的草地上吃草。他又将那匹出色的佩达索斯(Pedasus)系在边套的位置:这匹马是阿喀琉斯攻占埃埃提昂城时所得;它虽为凡马,却能与不朽的神驹并驾齐驱。
...or as when the storm-winds (Harpyiai) bore away the daughters of Pandareus. The gods had slain their parents, and the girls were left orphans in the halls, and fair Aphrodite nurtured them with cheese and sweet honey and pleasant wine... but when Aphrodite went to high Olympus to ask for the girls the accomplishment of gladsome marriage... meanwhile the storm-winds (Harpyiai) snatched them away (anereipsanto) and delivered them to the hateful Erinyes (Furies) to be their handmaids. Even so may the gods who have homes on Olympus make me [Penelope] to vanish from sight...
Homer. The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919.
……又或者像那样:旋风(哈耳庇厄 / Harpyiai)夺走了潘达瑞俄斯(Pandareus)的女儿们。众神杀害了她们的父母,女孩们在殿堂里沦为孤儿,美丽的阿佛洛狄忒用奶酪、甜蜂蜜和美酒哺育她们……但当阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite)前往奥林匹斯山,恳求宙斯允许女孩们获得幸福的婚姻时……哈耳庇厄(Harpyiai)攫取(anereipsanto)了她们,并将她们送交给可憎的复仇女神(Erinyes),充当她们的侍女。愿奥林匹斯山上的众神也让我(珀涅罗珀)就这样从世间消失……
(很多英译本会将 Harpyiai 直接翻译成 "the storm-winds"(旋风/暴风),因为在荷马时期,这两个词几乎是同义词。)
[T]he Harpyiai (Harpies) of the lovely hair, Okypete (Ocypete) and Aello, and these two in the speed of their wings keep pace with the blowing winds, or birds in flight, as they soar and swoop, high aloft.
Hesiod, Theogony 265–267; Tzetzes ad Lycophron
……还有那长发飘飘的哈耳庇厄(Harpyiai),她们是俄库珀忒(Okypete,意为“疾飞者”)与阿厄洛(Aello,意为“暴风”)。这两位女神凭借双翼的神速,能与疾风并驾齐驱,亦能赛过掠空的飞鸟;她们在高空之中翱翔俯冲,轻盈迅捷。”
—— 赫西俄德,《神谱》第265–267行
Hesiod, Theogony 265 ff (trans. Evelyn-White)
(Greek epic C8th or C7th B.C.) :
"Now Thaumas married a daughter of deep-running Okeanos (Oceanus), Elektra (Electra), and she bore him swift-footed Iris, the rainbow, and the Harpyiai (Harpies) of the lovely hair, Okypete (Ocypete) and Aello, and these two in the speed of their wings keep pace with the blowing winds, or birds in flight, as they soar and swoop, high aloft."
陶玛斯(Thaumas)迎娶了深流的大洋神女厄勒克特拉(Elektra)。她为他生下了疾足的伊里斯(Iris,即彩虹,彩虹女神),以及长发飘飘的哈耳庇厄(Harpyiai),即俄库珀忒(Okypete)与阿厄洛(Aello)。这两位女神凭借双翼的神速,能与疾风并驾齐驱,亦能赛过掠空的飞鸟;她们在高空之中翱翔俯冲,轻盈迅捷。
Before this man an extraordinary band of women [i.e. the Erinyes] slept, seated on thrones. No! Not women, but rather Gorgons I call them; and yet I cannot compare them to forms of Gorgons either. Once before I saw some creatures in a painting [i.e. harpies], carrying off the feast of Phineus; but these [i.e. the Erinyes] are wingless in appearance, black, altogether disgusting; they snore with repulsive breaths, they drip from their eyes hateful drops; their attire is not fit to bring either before the statues of the gods or into the homes of men.
在这个男人(俄瑞斯忒斯)面前,坐着一伙奇怪的女人,她们正坐在宝座上昏睡。不!我不该称她们为女人,而应称之为戈耳工(Gorgons);可即便如此,我也无法将她们与戈耳工相提并论。以前我曾在画作中见过一些生物,正在抢夺菲纽斯(Phineus)的宴席;但眼前这些家伙不仅没有翅膀,而且通体漆黑,极其令人作呕;她们鼾声中带着令人退避三舍的腥臭,眼中滴下可憎的粘液;她们的装束既不配出现在神像前,也不配进入凡人的家门。
(因为太丑了被拿来类比了(不))
公元前1世纪末 维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》
而到了公元前1世纪,维吉尔(Virgil)在《埃涅阿斯纪》中也描述了鹰身女妖丑恶的形象:
Bird-bodied, girl-faced things they (Harpies) are; abominable their droppings, their hands are talons, their faces haggard with hunger insatiable.
它们有鸟的身体、少女的脸,流着粪污,手是利爪,在不知餍足的饥饿中显出枯槁的面容。
Virgil, Aeneid, 3.209ff.(维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》)
公元2世纪 伪阿波罗多洛斯《书库》(Bibliotheca)
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. 123 :
"[One Harpyia (Harpy)] was named Nikothoe (NIcothoe) by some, Aellopos by others, while the other was called Okypete (Ocypete) or Okythoe (Ocythoe), or, according to Hesiod, Okypode (Ocypode)."
伪阿波罗多洛斯《书库》1.123
[其中一位鹰身女妖] 被一些人称为尼科托厄(Nikothoe),另一些人称其为阿厄洛波斯(Aellopos);而另一位则被称为俄库珀忒,或俄库托厄(Okythoe),或者根据赫西俄德的说法,叫作俄库波得(Ocypode)。
They are said to have been feathered, with cocks' heads, wings, and human arms, with great claws; breasts, bellies, and female parts human.
据说它们长满羽毛,有着公鸡的头、翅膀和人类的手臂,以及巨大的爪子;胸部、腹部和女性私密部位则是人类的形态。
Pesudo-Hyginus,Fabulae 14
《传说集》(Fabulae,或译《故事集》、《神话》),这本书系统整理并简述了古希腊罗马神话故事集,和伪阿波罗多洛斯一样,这部作品曾经被视为是公元1世纪的拉丁作家许癸努斯(Gaius Julius Hyginus)的作品,后续被学界认为成书于公元2世纪,而具体作者不明。
You seek th’ Italian shores, foredoom’d by fate:
Th’ Italian shores are granted you to find,
And a safe passage to the port assign’d.
But know, that ere your promis’d walls you build,
My curses shall severely be fulfill’d.
Fierce famine is your lot for this misdeed,
Reduc’d to grind the plates on which you feed.
你追寻着命运注定的意大利海岸:
意大利的海岸终会被你寻得, 通往那指定港口的航程亦将被赐予。
但需知晓,在你建立那应许的城墙前,
我的诅咒必将严酷地降临。
你们的恶行必将招致饥荒的厄运,
迫使你们啃食那盛放食物的餐盘。
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