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Huxley); Cambridge Univ. Press (On Growth and Form, by D.W. Thompson); Edward Arnold Ltd., London (The Matrix of the Mind, by F. Wood Jones and S.D. Porteus); Robert Hale Ltd., London (Cannibalism and Human Sacrifice, by G. Hogg); Methuen & Co. Ltd., London (On Aggression, by K.L. Lorenz, tr. M. Latzke); The Listener, London ('The Wild Ones' and 'The Affluent Crowd', by W.M.S. Russell); McGraw Hill, New York (J.B. de C.M. Saunders in Control of the Mind). INDEX Abominable Fancy, 259 Abraham, 239, 311 Abstract thinking, in language, 31 Abstractive memory, 84-6, 345 Act of Creation, The, ix, xii, 13, 18, 28 n, 56 n, 80 n, 93 n, 153 n, 169n, 178n, 18on, 182, 185 n, 295, 350, 351 Action patterns, fixed, 343 Active speech, 41 Adaptations, 152 Adaptive radiation, 161 Adrian, E.D., 213 After Many a Summer, 167 n Age of Enlightenment, 238, 256, 258 Age of Reason, 256 Aggression, 230-3, 252, 265, 266, 285, 292, 308 Aggressive-defensive emotions, 343 AH reaction, 188-9, 190, 193, 242 AHA reaction, 184-5, 193 Ahrendt, Hannah, 234 Alice in Wonderland, 39 Ali's computer, 297-8 Allport, F.H., 293 Altamira caves, 192 Amber, 184 Amphibians, 128 ancestry of, 166 self-repair in, 173-4 Anamorphosis, 200 Anatomie Générale, 274 Anger, identification and, 245 Animals improvisation by, 106-7 instinctive behaviour, 105 language and, 19 Anna Karenina, 245, 263 n Ape, comparison with man, 166 Ape embryo, resemblance to man, 166 Arborisation, 345-6 Archetypes, 137, 138 Arrchicortex, 279, 280 Archimedes, 300 Archives of General Psychiatry, 336 n Aristarchus, 179 Aristotle, 200, 274, 301, 350 Art emotion and, 189-92 paedomorphosis and, 169 Arthropods, brain development of, 268 Artistic inspiration, 195 Artists, 194-5 Asian history, 260 Association, mental, 182-4 Associative contexts, 182 Asymptotic approach, 35 Atomic holons, 62 Auditory holons, 80 Auditory memory, 89 Automatised routines, 207, 208 Autonomic nervous system, 274, 275, 292, 293 control of by limbic brain, 293 emotion and, 294 Autonomous complexes, 232 Awareness cerebral cortex and, 282 hierarchic, 246-7 seat of, 282 Awareness of specific activity, 206 Aztecs, 236, 237, 238, 258 Baehrends, G.P., 106 Baird, James, 249 Balance, law of, 140-2 Baldwin, M., 153,163 Baldwin effect, 159 Bartlett, F., 78, 185 n Basal ganglia, 278 "Beach at Ocean View, The," 210 n de Beer, Sir Gavin, 164, 165, 166, 314, 316 Beethoven, L., 263 n Behaviour influence of environment on, 110-11 instinctive, 344 in animals, 105 Behaviour of Organisms, The, 9 Behavioural holons, habits and, 76 Behaviourism, 7, 13, 96, 162, 17), 188, 194, 202, ~-26, 295, 349-52 approach to language, 19 creativity and, 13, 14 terminology of, 12 the rise of, 5-9 Beliefs irrational, 289 structure of, 254-7 Believing, as knowing, 289 Beloff, John, 202 n Benzedrine, 293, 294 Berger, F.M., 311 n Bergson, Henri, 200, 206 Berlyne, D. E., 2a6 von Bertalanffy, Ludwig, xii, 13 n, 61, 67, 100, 109, 147, 198, 200, 320, 352 Bichat, Xavier, 274, 275 Binet-Muller test, 91 Biocoenosis, 66 Biology archetypes in, 137-9 orthodox doctrines, x self-repair in, 173-9 Biological evolution, 3 paedomorphosis and, 169 Biological holons, 341 Birds, improvisation by, 107 Birth control, Catholic Church and, 260 Bisociation, 181, 182-4 Bizet, 263 n Blood-suckers, 270 Bolk, L., 166 Bonner, James, 125, 126 Brain death and, 311 evolution of, 278-81 experiments on, 203-4 human, 272-4 lack of co-ordination in, 273 of invertebrates, 268-70 of marsupials, 270-2 simian and man compared, 166 slowness of man to actualise potentials of, 299 the 'unsolicited gift', 297-8 'tumorous overgrowth', 272-4 Brain and Conscious Experience, 204 Brain and Mind, 205 Brain-making, mistakes in, 267-72 Brain-stem, 278 Brains, the three, 277-81 Brave New World, 335 Breakdown of behaviour, 111 Broca, P., 280, 281 Brown, L.R., 314 Brown, Roger, 30 n Bruner, Jerome, 179, 185 n Buddhists, militant, 260 Buffon, Comte de, 137 Bun, Sir Cyril, 6 Calendar, the new, 322-7 Caligula, 234 Cannibalism, 236, 237, 238 Cannon, Walter B., 98, 276 Cannon-Bard theory, 276 Car driving, 206, 208 Carmen, 263 n Carrell, A., 64 Cartesian dualism, 204, 205 Caruso, 87 Cassandra, 313 Castration complex, 263, 264 Catholic Church, 243 birth control and, 260 Cavell, Nurse Edith, 246 Cells, 117, 119, 120, 122, 124, 125 Cell-tissue, genetic potential of, 120 Centipede, paradox of the, 109, 110 Centre for Advanced Study in the Behavioural Sciences, xi Centrosomes, 63 Cerebral cortex, awareness and the, 282 Cerebral hemispheres, 279 Cerebro-spinal nervous system, 274, 275 Cézanne, 194, 196 Chained responses, 19-23 Characteristics, acquired, 116, 117 Charcot, J.M., 249 Chardin, Tellhard de, 240 Chess, thinking and, 183 Child, C.M., 68, 165, 231 n, 347 Children, acquisition of language by, 28-32 China population growth, 258, 315 Chlorpromazine, 293, 294 Chomsky, N., 13, 30, 31 n, 36 Chosen race, 255 Christianity, 256 Chromosomes, 64, 122 heredity and, 65 City of God, 301 Clark, Colin, 315 Clark, Professor Le Gros, 272 Classes, élite, 255 Classificatory hierarchies, 61 Classless society, 256 Clinical psychoses, 232 Closed systems, 263, 264, 265, 289 Cobb, S., 294 Coghill, G.E., 96, 153 Cognitive holons, 182 Cognitive systems, 289, 290 Collective hysteria, 248 Comic discovery, defined, 186 Comic inventiveness, 195 Commensualism, 66 Communism, 256, 257, 261-2 Communist purges, 234 Complexes, autonomous, 232 Compound eye, 149 Concept of Mind, The, 202 Consciousness, 208, 209, 347 behaviourists and, 15 negative definition of, 207 seat of, 282 states of, 205, 206 Constable, John, 82, 86-7 Contact lenses, 177 Contraceptives, 330 Control of the Mind, 204 Copernicus, 179, 255 Cortex, 279 in evolution, 279 sub-divisions of, 279 Craik, K.J.W., 212 n Creative activity, 194, 195-6 Creativity, 180 194-6, 230-1, 288 Behaviourism and, 13, 14 of human mind, ix paedomorphosis, 181 three domains of, 195 Creeds, 255 Critique of Pure Reason, 310 Cro Magnon man, 298 Crowd mentality, 250-2 Crystals, 62 n Cybernetics, 97, 99, 199 Danzig, 326 Darlington, W., 132 n Darwin, Charles, 137, 153 Darwinians, 260 Davies, Kingsley, 315 Daydreaming, 182 De Anima, 274 Death instinct, ix Delusional streak, 265-6, 267 schizophysiology and, 289 Depth-psychology, 35 De-specialisation of race, 164 Determination, 125 embryological, 119-20, 125 Developmental hierarchies, 61,125, 126 Developmental homeostasis, 142 Differentiation, 124 Dionysian cult, 229 Disorder, 347, 348 pattern of in history, 259 Dissectibility of hierarchies, 65, 342 Dividuals, 67, 68 Divine Flame, The, 260 n Docility, 125 Docility of embryonic tissue, 119 Dominant genes, 123 Donne, John, 117, 188, 230, 312 Doppelgängers, the, 143-6 Double-think, 260-5 Drever's Dictionary of Psychology, 250 Drive reduction, 226 Drives limbic system and, 286 sexual, 291-2 Dualism, 210 Dunbar, H.F., 68 Dürer, A., 196 Dynamic equilibrium, 347 Eccles, Sir John, 209 n Echinoderms, 162, 163 Ectoderm, 118, 119, 120 Edison, T., 314 Eichmann, Adolph, 234 Eidetic images, 90 Einstein, A., 180, 184, 200, 264 Elwin, Dr Verrier, 235 Embryo eye-bud of, 119, 131 morphogenesis of, 117-21 resemblance of ape to man, 166 Embryonic development, 68-9, 72, 126 Embryonic tissue determination of, 119-20 docility of, 119 Emergency reactions, 276 Emotion ancient brain and, 281-5 and irrational beliefs, 289 and laughter, 187-8 art and, 189-92 autonomic nervous system and, 294 novelists and, 287-8 physiology of, 274-7 three dimensions of, 226-3o two basic categories of, 294 Emotional commitment, a59, 264 Emotions aggressive-defensive, 292 classification of, 227 James-Lange theory of, 275, 276 overheated drives, 276 Papez-Maclean theory of, 277 et seq. participatory, 293 preparatory, 293 self-assertive, 218 self-transcending, 218, 292 vicarious, 217 Encounter, 11 n Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14 Entropy, 199 negative, 199 Environment hierarchy of, 114, 346 influence on behaviour, 110-11 interpretation of, 102-3 man and, 3 Epigenetic landscape, 125 Epilepsy and the limbic system, 284 Equilibrium, dynamic, 347 Erasmus of Rotterdam, 301 Ergotropic system, 293 Ethnic tensions, 315 Euphony, 194 European Common Market, 321 Evolution, ix, x, 127-50 biological, 3 by paedomorphosis, 161-71 explosive, 173 homology and, 135-9 internal selection, 130-3 Law of, 200 mental, 3 of brain, 178-81 of ideas, 168, 169 progress by initiative, 151-60 random mutation, 127, 130 retracing of steps in, 166-9 sex a late-comer in, 292 strategy of, 267 superimposition of new on old brain, 281 the law of balance and, 140-2 Evolution of Human Nature, The, 273 Evolutionary holons, stability of, 140 Evolutionary homeostasis, 142 Evolutionary Humanists, 240 Evolutionary maze, 164 Evolutionary mistakes, 268 Evolutionist doctrines, 116 Ewer, R.F., 158 Exploratory drives, 153 Explosive evolution, 273 Extra-sensory perception, 219 Eye, compound, 149 Eye-bud of embryo, 131 Eye-cup of embryo, 119 Eye lenses, 149 Eysenck, H.J., 350 Fainting, infectious, 247 Faith emotional commitment, 259 reason and, 159; 260 Fall, doctrine of the, ix Faria, Lima da, 131 Farrar, Dean, 259 Fascism, 157, 258, 259 Faust, 139 n Feedbacks, 42, 97, 98, 99, 100, 105, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125, 161, 207, 345 ff Fetish, 255 Filters, perceptual, 77-83, 344 Fish amphibian ancestry, 166 improvisation by, 107 Flatworm, 173, 212-13 Fly, eyeless, 133-5 Foraminifera, 205 n Ford Foundation, 315 Frames of reference, 182, 194 Free will, problem of, 97, 208-21, 346-7 French Revolution, 250, 256, 323 Freud, S., 5, 6, 35, 58, 181, 191, 213, 226, 232, 242, 248, 250, 286, 290 Freudian school, as closed system of thought, 263 Fruit fly, 133 mutations of, 130 Fuchs, Klaus, 332 Functional hierarchies, 59 Functional holons, 342, 343 Fundamentalists, 260 Galileo, 178, 179, 182, 184, 186, 255, 260 Ganglionic mass, 268 Garstang, W., 163,164, 167, 178 Gaskell, W.H., 268 Gellhorn, E., 293 Gellner, E., 202 Gene-complex, 122-3, 174, 344 hierarchic order of, 124 Genetic blueprint, 121 Genetic codes, 72-3, 74 Genetic controls, 123 Genetic keyboard, 122-6 Genetics, atomism, 123, 124 Genome, see Gene-complex Gerontomorphosis, 165, 167 Gestalt-constancy, 341 Gestalt psychology, 17, 49, 93, 94, 185 Giant panda, 127-8, 130-1 Gill-breathing, 166 Goddess of Reason, 256 Goethe, 139, 142, 149 Goitre, prevention of, 328-9 Goodyear, Charles, 330 Gösring, H., 258 Gould, D., 336 n Gozzi, Carlo, 149 Gregory, R.L., 79 Group mentality, 247, 254, 255 Group mind as a holon, 265-6 Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, 250 Gutenberg, 185 Habits, 76, 104-12 acquired, 343 as functional holons, 207 mechanisation of, 108-10 Hadamard, Jacques, 180 HAHA reaction, 185, 186-7, 193 emotional factor in, 187-8 Haldane, J.B.S., 167 Hamburger, V., 174 Hardy, Sir Alister, x, xii, 137, 147, 153, 154, 155, 260 n Harlow, H.F., 9 Harris, H., 69 Harvey, W., 194 Haskin's Laboratories, 25, 26 Hatha Yoga, 218 von Hayek, F.A., 252 n Hayes, Alfred, 210 Head-hunting, 309 "Heaven and Hell," 335 Hebb, D.O., 293 Hedonic tone, 226, 294 defined, 227 Hegel, 326 Heisenberg, Werner, 17, 216 n Herder, 138 Herrick, Judson, 16, 159, 197, 198, 273, 277, 282, 343 Hess, W.R., 293 Hidden persuaders, 182 Hierarchic awareness, 246-7 Hierarchical systems, general properties of, 341-8 Hierarchies correlation of perceptual and motor, 101 decomposable, 52 n depth and span, 50 diagrammatic representation of, 59-61 dissectibility of, 342 evolution of, 47 inorganic, 61-3 interlocking, 5I, 87, 94, 95, 96 Janus effect, 48 many-levelled, 208, 209 and memory, 87 motor, 71 of environment, 346 of perceptual skills, 77-9 open-ended, 104, 218-21 pattern-regulation, 80 perceptual, 345 polarity in, 225 social, 50-5, 232, 344 symbolic, 61 Hingston, R.W.G., 106 Hiroshima, 311, 323 Hitler, Adolf, 257, 264 Hogarth, 187 Hogg, G., 236 Holism psychology, 49 Holon defined, 48, 341 the group mind as a, 265-6 Holons, 45-58, 125, 341 atomic, 62 auditory, 80 cognitive, 182 cohesion, 53 crowd, 251-2 degrees of freedom in, 105 evolutionary, 171 functional, 76, 207, 342, 343 habits and behavioural, 76 hierarchy of, 102-3 in nest building, 74 in the motor hierarchy, 71 mental, 131, 131 musical, 93 rules and strategies of, 58, 342 self-regulating, 97, 121 social, 329 social, 50-5, 232-3, 246-7, 329, 344, 348 Holy Communion, 229 Homeorhesis, 344 Homeostasis, 98, 99 developmental, 121, 142 evolutionary, 142 kinetic, 208, 345 Homologous organs, 137 Homology, 135-9 Honey-bee, 107 Hook, Sidney, 350 Hull, C.L., 6, 10, 226 Human mind creativity of, ix pathology of, ix Human nature, tampering with, 327-30 Human sacrifice, 235, 236, 237 Humanists, Evolutionary, 240 Humanity, crisis of, 313-39 Humphrey, G., 182 Hunger, 228-9 Hunter, W.S., 14 Hunters, 305-8 Huxley, Aldous, 167, 335 Huxley, Sir Julian, 115, 130 n, 161, 297, 302, 308, 309 Hyden, Holger, xii, 333 Hypnosis, induction and, 147-53 Hypnotic state, 248 Hypnotism, 248, 249 Hypothalamus, 275, 178 temperature control and the, 98 Ideas, paedomorphosis and, 168 Ideational content of emotion, 274 Idée fixe, 231, 265, 347 Identification, 243, 246, 251, 295, 348 depersonalisation and, 248 integration and, 241-3 mental, 254 perils of, 243-6 Ideological wars, 238 Ideologies, 265 Improvisation, 106-7 India, population growth in, 314, 315 Individualism, 343 Inducer, in genetics, 122 Induction and hypnosis, 247-53 mutual, 25I Infantile sexuality, 285-6 Inoculation, 328 Inorganic systems, 61-3 Input hierarchy, 83, 344 Insect societies, 67 Insects behaviour of social, 270 improvisation by, 106-7 possible ancestors, 166 Instinct in social insects, 270 reptilian brain and, 279 Instinct-drive, 228 Instinctive activities, hierarchies of subskills, 76 Instinctive behaviour, 344 in animals, 105 Internal Factors in Evolution, 147 n Integration and identification, 241-3 of behaviour, functional holon and, 76 Integrative tendency, 56, 119, 189, 190, 201, 230, 233, 242, 243, 246, 247, 266, 292, 343, 347 Interlacing hierarchies, 95 Interlocking hierarchies, 5z, 87, 94, 95, 96 Introduction to Biology, An, 136 Introspective psychology, 32 Invertebrates, nerve chain of, 268 Inverting spectacles, 176-7 Isaiah, 313 Jackson, Hughlin, 284 James, William, 15, 38, 69, 146, 260 n, 275 James-Lange theory of emotions, 275, 276 Janus effect, 48, 34I Japan, population, 315 Jenkins, James, 29, 49, 88 Jeremiah, 313 Johns Hopkins University, 5 Jones, Dr B., 185 n Jones, Wood, 270, 271 Jonson, Ben, 48, 103 Jung, C.G., 5, 35, 240, 243 Kafka, Franz, 268 Kangaroo, 143 Kant, E., 310 Kepler, Johannes, 179, 184, 186, 255 Khasis, the, 235-6 Kidnapped, 84 Kinesthetic feedback, 99 Kinetic homeostasis, 99, 208, 345 Kluever, H., 90, 288 Kneale, W., 202 n Knowledge evolution of, 168 growth of specialised, 317-18 Koala bear, 161-2, 172, 271-2 Kottenhoff, H., 79 Krechevsky, I., 171 Kretschmer, E., 249 Kris, Ernest, 177 Kuhn, Thomas, 116 n Lamarck, 137, 155 n Lamarckism, 116 Language abstract thinking in, 31 ambiguity of, 33-6 chain theory, 32 curse of, 308-10 hierarchic approach to, 34 hierarchic organisation of, 24 man and, 19 the tree of, 23-44 Lashley, K.S., 27, 31, 32, 33, 37, 81, 175, 207, 276 Laughter, 189, 190 emotion and, 187-8 infectious, 247 Learning by rote, 92-4 cortex and, 279 Learning habits, 108-10 Least action, 108 Le Bon, 250 Leibnitz, 200 Lenin, 258, 313 Lenses contact, 177 eye, 149 Lévy-Bruhl, L., 311 Liberman, Professor Alvin, xii, 25 Lie-detector, 290 Life, integrative powers of, 66-70 Light of Grace, 260 Light of Reason, 259 Limbic system, 280-93 characteristics of, 282-3 dissonance with neocortex, 332 and epilepsy, 284 excision of parts in monkey, 286 influence on use of weapons, 307 integrative centre for drives and perceptions, 286 of man, 278 self-preservation in, 29o-I Lindauer, 107 Linnaean Society, 153 Lister, 314 Literary Gazette (China), 263 n Literature, paedomorphosis and, 169 'Little brains', 275 Lodestones, 184 Long-tailed tit, 74 Lorenz, Konrad, xi, 74, 100, 243, 291, 306, 307, 309, 331, 344 Lotus and the Robot, The, 218 n Louis XV, 185, 186 L.S.D., 241 Lung-breathing fish, 166 Machine, the ghost in the, 202 Machine-processes, 207 MacKay, Professor, 215, 216, 219 McKellar, P., 185 n MacLean, Dr Paul, xii, 273, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 332 McNeill, D., 29, 30 n Mandler, G., 276, 277 Manual skills, hierarchy of, 72 Mao Tse-Tung, President, 258 Mark Anthony, 253 Marlow, C., 242 Marsupials, 143-6, 270-2 Marxism, 260 Mass hypnosis, 248 Masses, psychology of the, 247 Master race, 255 Mathematicians, working methods of, 180 Matrices, cognitive, 182, 193, 194, 263 Mead, Margaret, 309, 310 Mechanical activity, 207 Mechanised patterns of holons, 346 Mechanisms, innate releasive, 344 Mechanistic approach, 61-2 Medawar, Sir Peter, 129 Medulla of brain, 278 Memory abstractive, 84-6, 345 emotional reactions and, 89 two types of, 88-90 Memory-formation, 85, 88, 89 Mendelian genetics, 123 Mental evolution, 3 Mental hierarchy, re-forming of, 195 Mental holons, 231, 232 Mental identification, 254 Mentality, split, 259 Mesocortex, 279, 280 Mesmerism, 249 Mesozoic Age, 161 Metalanguage, 35 Metamorphosis, 191 n Metamorphosis of Plants, 138 Metre, 194 Micro-hierarchy, gene-complex, self-regulating, 134 Miller, G.A., 42, 101 n, 344, 346, 350 Millipede, ancestral insect, 166 Mind-body problem, 203 et seq. Mind-processes, 207 Mitochondria, 63 genetic apparatus of, 65 Mobs, 254, 255 Moissi, Alexander, 88 Monkey and typewriter, 117, 123, 170 Montague, J.F., 311 n Montague, Lady Mary Wortley, 328 Morgan, Lloyd, 153 Morphemes, 26 Morphogenesis, 124 hierarchic pattern of, 117-18 Morris, Ian, 317 Morse telegraphy, 28 Motion, Third Law of, 63 Motivational drives, 290-1 Motor hierarchy, correlation with perceptual, 101 Movements, 255 Mozart, 188 Muller, H.J., 152, 170 Musical holons, 93 Mutations co-ordination of acceptable, 132 defined, 115 elimination of harmful, 132 interdependent, and evolution, 128-30 Mutual induction, 248, 251 Mutualism, 66 Nationalism, 57, 343 Nature of Explanation, The, 212 n Nazis, 258 Needham, J., 126, 173 Neocortex, 279, 280, 281 dissonance with limbic system, 332 effect of limbic brain on, 289-90 Neo-Darwinism, 116 Neo-mammalian organisation of brain, 278 Neoteny, 164, 165 Nervous system of man, 274 reorganisation of behaviour, 175 Nest-building, 73-6 New Scientist, 336 n New Yorker, 187, 188 Newton, Isaac, 63,178-9, 184, 255, 259 Nineteen Eighty-four, 245 Nott, Kathleen, 350 Novelists and emotion, 287-8 Nuclear devices, 325 Nymphomaniac case, 284 Obsessions, 265 Oersted, H.C., 184 Olds, J., 293 On Aggression, xi On Growth and Form, 140 Ontogeny, 115-26, 167, 342, 343, 344 Open-ended hierarchy of language, 33 Open system, 198 Operant conditioning, 8 Organelles, 63-70 Organisms activeness of, 198 architecture of, 95 as holons, 67-9 power to build up systems, 199 Organs, homologous, 137 Origin of Vertebrates, The, 268 Original sin, 267 Originality, origins of, 105-7 Orwell, George, 245, 262 Oswald, I., 249 Output hierarchies, 83, 344, 345 Over-specialisation, 161 a dead end, 169 Owen, Richard, 139 Oxford Dictionary, 265 n Paedomorphosis, 163-71 diagram of evolution by, 167-8 Paleocene Age, 161 Paleo-mammalian organisation of brain, 278 Panda, Giant, 127-8, 130-1 Papez-MacLean theory of emotions, 277, 283, 296 Paranoiacs, 232 Paranoid schizophrenia, 259 n Paranoid streak, 258, 259, 327, 336 Parasympathetic system, 292-5 Parental love, 228 Participatory emotions, 293 Pasteur, L., 156, 220, 314, 330 Pathology of human mind, ix Patriotic wars, 238 Patriotism, 57 Pattern-recognition, 79 Pavlov, I.P., 6, 10, 16, 350 Pavlov's dogs, 93 Penfield, Wilder, 203, 204, 208, 212 Pep pills, 293 Perception, reorganisation of, 176-7 Perceptiveness, limbic system and, 286 Perceptual hierarchies, 345 correlation with motor, 101 Perceptual skills, 78 Personal responsibility, suspension of, 251 Pflüger, 175 Philosophic Anatomique, 137 Phonemes, 25, 48 ambiguity of, 33 Phrase habit, 28 Phrases, 48 Phylogenesis, building-up tendency in, 199 Phylogenetic self-repair, 174 Phylogeny, 127, 167, 344 Physics, ideas about time, 201 Physiology of emotion, 274-7 Piaget, Jean, 191, 213 Pigeons, behaviourism and, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22 Pinhole eye, 149 Plato, 192 Platt, J.R., 313, 325 Pleasure principle, 290 Poets, 195 Poetic imagery, 194 Poetry, 288 Poincaré, Henri, 184 n Polanyi, Michael, 217 n Political movements, 255 Politicians, 264-5 Pollock, M.R., 69 Polygeny, 123 Polyps, 173 Pope, Alexander, 235 Popper, Sir Karl, 36, 217 n Population, growth of, 314-15 Pop-Zen, 262 Porcupine fish, 140 Potentials, polarity of, 225 Power, growth of, 318-19 Pre-natal skills, 126 Preparatory emotions, 293 Prescott, W.H., 237 Preservation of species, 291, 292 Pribram, Karl, xii, 293, 344, 346 Primates, 302-5 Principia, 259 Principles of Psychology, 21 Process hierarchies, 61 Protoplasmic consciousness, 205 Proust, M., 89 Pseudo-reasoning, 260 Psycholinguists, 24 Psychology academic, 5 behaviourism and, 5 Gestalt, 17, 49, 185 habit and, 110 holism, 49 introspective, 33 of the masses, 247 Psycho-motor epilepsy, 284 Psychopharmacology, 335, 336 Psychoses, clinical, 232 Psychosymbiotic awareness, 219 Psychotherapy, purpose of regression in, 177 Ptolemy, 179, 300 Purpose, 170 Purposiveness, 152 de Puysegur, Marquis Chastenay, 249 n Pyke, M., 301 Pythagoras, 184 Pythagoreans, 300 Rabies, and the limbic system, 283 Race, de-specialisation of, 164 Racial senescence, 165 Racial tensions, 325 Radiation, adaptive, 161 Rage, 294 Randal, J., 311 n Random mutations, 115, 117 Rationalist doctrines, 258 Ratomorphism, philosophy of, 15, 19 Rats, behaviourism and, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15-18, 19, 22, 162-3, 171, 175-6, 302 Rawlinson, 187 Reaction AH, 188-9, 190, 193 AHA, 193 HAHA, 184-7, 193 Reactions, emergency, 276 Reality principle, 290 Reason, as 'bride' of faith, 256, 260 Reasoning, emotional bias and, 264 Recall, 87 visual, 91 Recessive genes, 123, 133 Recherches Physiologiques sur la Vie et la Mort, 274 Reflexes, 15, 16, 96, 123 Reformist heresy, 257 Regeneration, 173, 348 Regenerative skills, 173 Regulation channels, 346 Rejuvenation of race, 164, 165 Releasers, 74 Repressor, in genetics, 122 Reptiles, 128 ancestry of, 166 Reptilian brain, 278, 279 Responsibility, personal, 214 Reticular system, 278 Reticulation, 345-6 Revival of Learning, 259 Revolutionary Justice, 257 Rhinencephalon, 283 n Rhyme, 194 Rhythm, 194 Ribosomes, 63 Rituals, 229 compulsive, 107 Roberts, Morley, 273 Robespierre, 256 Rohrschach blot, 103 Rote, learning by, 92-4 Routines, automatised, 207, 208 Rule-governed behaviour, 54 Russell, E.S., 134 Russell, W.M.S., 303, 306 Ryle, Professor Gilbert, 202 Sacrifice human, 235, 236, 237 ritual of, 235-8 Sager, Ruth, 66 St Augustine, 301, 313 St Hilaire, G., 137, 142 St John, 313 St Thomas Aquinas, 259, 301 Salamander, regeneration in, 173-4 Saunders, Dean, 334, 336 Scanners, 77, 81, 83, 86, 344-5 Schachtel, E.G., 191 n, 226 n Schizophrenia, defined, 259 n Schizophysiology, 284-7 consequences of, 288 cure for, 327, 330-9 Schoolmen, 262 Schrödinger, Erwin, 199, 200, 343 Schweitzer, Albert, 339 Science paedomorphosis and, 169 the Unconscious and, 179-81 Science and Human Behaviour, 7, 9, 13, 14 Scientific American, 350 Scientific discovery, 186, 194, 195 Scientific Revolution, the, 238 Scientific Socialism, 258 Sea cucumber, 163 Seat of consciousness, 282 Selection, internal, 130-3 Self-assertive tendencies, 120, 189, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 251, 266, 291, 294, 343 functional holon and, 76 in holons, 56 Self-regulating social holons, 329 Self-regulation, 97, 98, 121 Self-preservation, limbic system and, 291-1 Self-realisation, self-repair and, 177-9 Self-repair and self-realisation, 177-9 biological, 173-9 mental, 195 phylogenetic, 174 regresslye and progressive phases, 174 Self-transcendence, 219, 230, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 251, 253, 256, 259, 260, 265, 266, 292, 294, 295 infantile form of, 243 Self-transcending emotions, 189, 190, 191, 218, 234, 343 Semmelweiss, D., 314 Semon, Richard, 91 Sensations, visceral, 274 Sense-modality, 345 Sensory feedbacks, 345 Sensory-motor nervous system, 77 interlocking hierarchies of, 96 skills and habits, 96-7, 100 Sensory-motor routines, 96-7, 345 Serial view, of mind-body problem, 208-12 Servetius, 260 Sexual drive, 226, 291-2 Sexual instinct, integrative tendency of, 292 Sexual love, 228 Sexuality infantile, 285-6 limbic system and, 286 Shakespeare, 253, 263 n Sherrington, Sir Charles, 16, 204 Sign-releasers, 74 Simon, H.A., 45, 47, 50, 52 n, 62, 92 n, 342 Simpson, G.G., 145, 152 Sinnott, E.W., 152 Skills, 343 acquisition of, 206-8 as functional holons, 207 automatisation of, 346 learnt, 344 verbal, 344 Skinner, B.F., 6, 7, 9, 1o, 11, 13, 14, 17, 21, 22, 41, 75, 350 Skinner boxes, 8, 74 Skinner's pigeons, 93 Skull evolutionary aspects of, 141-2 simian and man compared, 166 Smythies, J.R., 205 n, 222 n Social group, aggression and the, 308 Social hierarchies, 344 Social hierarchy, integration in a, 246 Social holons, 50-5, 232-3,246-7, 265, 266, 34I, 344, 348 Social infection, 248 Social insects, 67 behaviour, 270 Social organisation, hierarchy of, 50-5 Socialism, 257 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Dead Horses, 349 Sociologists, war and, 252 Solomon, 194 Somnambulism, 249 Song of Songs, 194 Soviet Government, 349 Soviet myths, 257, 258 Soviet Union, in Stalin regime, 261-2 Span, 50, 342 Specialisation, 120 continuation of, 165 escape from, 163-5 Species, death of the, 322, 327 Spectacles, inverting, 176-7 Speech active, 41 the cortex and, 288 Speech-perception, 25 Speech sounds, 25, 26 Spelling out, 210, 211 Spemann, H., 69 Spencer, Herbert, 200 Spengler, Oswald, 313 Sperry, R.W., 211 Spider's web, 76 Spinal consciousness, 205 Split mentality, 259, 260, 261 Spurway, Helen, 132 n, 148 Stalin, 258, 26I, 349 Stalinists, 264 'Stamping in', 93 Sticklebacks, 74 Stimulus-deprivation, 226 Stimulus-response theory, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 2I, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 41, 43 Stone Age, 299 Strategies, 37, 38, 42, 43, 55, 58, 62, 76, 176, 207 of holons, 342 Strategy of the Genes, The, 123 n Stress, pathological effects of, 231 Structure of beliefs, 254-7 Structural hierarchies, 59 Sub-hierarchies, 95 Sub-skill, 76 Succession, Wars of, 234 Sun fish, 140 Surgery spare-part, 65 transplants, 70 Suzuki, D., 262 Swift, J. 339 Symbiosis, 343 of organelles, 66 Symbolic hierarchies, 61 Sympathetic nervous system, 292-3 Tabes dorsalis, 99 Teilhard, de Chardin, 309 Television screen, analogy with cerebral cortex, 282, 283 Temperature control of the body, 98 Thermodynamics, second law of, 197, 198, 199, 200, 243 Thermonuclear bomb, man and the, 322 Thinking, 182-4 and language, 31 matrix of, 194 visual, 194 'Think-Tank', xi, 25 Thirty Years War, 238 Thompson, d'Arcy, 14o, 14x, 142, 147 Thorndike, E.L., 226 Thorpe, W.H., x, 74, 100, 106, 107, 147 n, 208 Thurber, James, 313 Tight-rope walkers, 208 Tinbergen, N., 100, 157 Tissues, holistic properties of, 69 Titchener, 32 Tolman, E.C., 171 Tolstoy, L., 263 n Torquemada, 234 Totalitarianism, 256-7 Totem, 255 Tranquillisers, 293 Transcendental beliefs, 260 Transformation rules, 36, 37 Transplant surgery, 70 Tree diagram, 24, 59 Tree of language, 23-44 Tribal warfare, 234 Tribalism, 343 Triggers, 71-6, 109, 118, 119, 120, 124, 125, 131, 171, 174, 210, 295,344-5 Trophotropic system, 293 Turtle, cortical divisions of, 279 Uncertainty principle, 216 n Unconscious, science and, 179-81 Unconsciousness, 205 Universe beginning of, 201 hierarchic order of, 62 Universes of discourse, 35, 36, 182 Unlust, 226, 227 Un-pleasure, 226 Unwisdom, four pillars of, 3-4 Usher, Bishop, 256 van Gogh, 240, 312 Variables, intervening, 23 Varieties of Religious Experience, The, 260 n Verbal behaviour, 21-2, 41 Verbal skills, 344 Verbal symbols, emotive reactions on, 290 Verne, Jules, 321 Vertebrates ancestors of, 163 brain and spinal cord of, 268 learning and, 270 Vicarious emotions, 227 Violence causes of, 233,234 perils of, 233 Viscera, 274, 275 Visceral brain, 283 Visceral sensations, 274 Visual memory, 89 Visual recall, 91 Waddington, C.H., 121, 123 n, 127, 130, 131, 147, 153, 155 n, 159, 202 n, 344 Warfare man and, 302-4 modern, 252 Wars destructive power of, 321-2 ideological, 238 of religion, 234, 238 patriotic, 238 Wasp, digger, 106 Watchmakers, the parable of the, 45-7, 51, 66 Watson, J.B., 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 75, 115, 350 Watt, James, 97, 314 Weapons, effects of invention of, 307 Web, spider's, 76 Weeping, 189, 191, 295 Weiss, Paul, xii, 68, 69, 100 Wheeler, W.M., 273 Whitehead, A.N., 200 Whyte, L.L., xii, 132, 147 n, 200 Wiener, Norbert, 99, 199 Wilson, R.H.L., 68 Wit and witticism, 188 Wittgenstein, L.L., 33 Woltereck, R.L., 200 Woodworth, R.S., 180 Word habit, 28 Words, 48 ambiguity of meanings of, 33 World Wild Life Fund, 128 Wright, W., 3 x4 Yale Review, 161 Yawning, infectious, 247 Young, J.Z., 164 Zen Buddhism, 262 Zuckerman, Solly, 303
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